مروری بر فناوری‌های ذخیره‌سازی انرژی دارای کاربرد در پهبادها و زیردریایی‌ها

نوع مقاله : قدرت - الکترونیک قدرت

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع)، تهران ، ایران

2 دانشگاه شاهد ، تهران، ایران

چکیده

یکی از عوامل اصلی در طراحی پهپادها و زیردریایی‌ها، انتخاب مناسب وسیله ذخیره‌سازی انرژی الکتریکی به‌عنوان منبع انرژی سامانه‌های پیشرانآن‌ها است. این مقاله مروری به فناوری‌های ذخیره‌سازی انرژی، اعم از باتری یا پیل سوختی که در صنایع پهبادی و زیردریایی قابل استفاده هستند، می‌پردازد. باتری­ها به دلیل وزن و فضای اشغال کمتر کاربرد بیشتری در پهبادها دارند و می­توانند به‌عنوان منبع تغذیه اصلی یا ثانویه عمل کنند. در میان ترکیبات شیمیایی مختلف، باتری­های لیتیوم یون و پلیمر، به‌عنوان رایج­ترین فناوری­های باتری شناخته می­شوند که چگالی انرژی بالاتری دارند. هر چند چگالی انرژی پیل­های سوختی در مقایسه با باتری­ها بسیار بیشتر بوده و مداومت و ارتفاع پروازی را افزایش می­دهد ولی به علت قیمت و حجم زیاد، هنوز در صنعت پهبادی متداول نشده­اند. همین ویژگی پیل­های سوختی باعث شده است تا ازآن‌ها به‌عنوان منبع انرژی در فناوری پیشرانه مستقل از هوای زیردریایی­ها استفاده شود. همچنین در خصوص پهبادها، تغییرات شدید دمایی می­تواند موجب کاهش بازده عملکردی و طول عمر باتری و حتی پیل سوختی شود. برای افت دما که ناشی از افزایش ارتفاع پروازی است، عایق­بندی باتری و برای افزایش دما که ناشی از جریان کشی بالا می­باشد، سامانه­های مدیریت حرارت ارائه شده است.

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