چیدمان بهینه ابر مهاربندهای کمانش‌ناپذیر به‌منظور بهینه‌سازی رفتار سازه‌های بلند تحت بار انفجار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه دولتی شهرکرد، دانشکده ی فنی و مهندسی، گروه مهندسی عمران، اتاق 57

2 دانشکده ی فنی و مهندسی دانشگاه دولتی شهرکرد

3 گروه مهندسی عمران - دنشکده فنی و مهندسی - دانشگاه دولتی شهرکرد

چکیده

استفاده از مهاربندهای کمانش‌ناپذیر در دهه­ هشتاد میلادی در ژاپن شروع شد و به دنبال آن در نقاط دیگر دنیا ادامه یافت. استفاده از این نوع مهاربندها سبب رفع بسیاری از نقایص رفتاری مربوط به مهاربندهای فولادی متداول می­شود که ناشی از اختلاف مابین ظرفیت کششی و فشاری آن­ها است. در این مقاله تأثیر نحوه­ جانمایی ابر مهاربندهای کمانش‌ناپذیر بر پاسخ سازه­های بلند تحت بار انفجار بررسی می­شود. برای این منظور یک سازه 30طبقه به دوازده حالت مختلف توسط ابر مهاربندهای کمانش‌ناپذیر مقاوم­سازی می­شود و بر مبنای بیشینه پاسخ سازه تحت بار انفجار بهترین حالت جانمایی برای ابر مهاربند معرفی می­شود. در این راستا سازه تحت چهار حالت بار انفجار ناشی از انفجار1000 و 1200 کیلوگرم TNT در فاصله­های 5 و 10 متری از سازه قرار می­گیرد و عملکرد سازه با استفاده از مفاهیم جابجایی بام، چرخش سازه، دریفت طبقات، برش و ممان پایه بررسی می­شود. نتایج نشان می­دهند که با کاهش مقدار وزن ماده منفجره و همچنین افزایش مقدار فاصلهماده منفجره از سازه مقدار اثرات تخریبی و بیشینه پاسخ سازه کاهش‌یافته و سازه به سطح ایمن عملکردی (IO) بازگردانده شده است. همچنین نتایج نشان می­دهد که حالت اصلی A1، بهترین حالت جانمایی برای ابر مهاربندهای کمانش‌ناپذیر است و در این حالت میزان فولاد مربوط به ابر مهاربند بیش از 16درصد کاهش می­یابد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


[1] Bilondi, M. R. S.; Yazdani, H.; Khatibinia, M. “Seismic Energy Dissipation-Based Optimum Design of Tuned Mass Dampers”; Struct. Multidiscip. 2018, 58, 2517-2531.##
[2] Gholizadeh, S.; Ebadijalal, M. “Performance Based Discrete Topology Optimization of Steel Braced Frames by a New Metaheuristic”; Adv. Eng. Softw. 2018, 123, 77-92.##
[3] Gholizadeh, S.; Poorhoseini, H. “Seismic Layout Optimization of Steel Braced Frames by an Improved Dolphin Echolocation Algorithm”; Struct. Multidiscip. O. 2016, 54, 1011-1029.##
[4] Gholizadeh, S.; Poorhoseini, H. “Performance-Based Optimum Seismic Design of Steel Dual Braced Frames by Bat Algorithm”; Met. Opt. Civil Eng. 2016.##
[5] Habibi, A.; Bidmeshki, S. “An Optimized Approach for Tracing Pre- and Post-Buckling Equilibrium Paths of Space Trusses”; Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dy. 2019, 19, 1950040.##
[6] Kamgar, R.; Gholami, F.; Zarif Sanayei, H. R.; Heidarzadeh, H. “Modified Tuned Liquid Dampers for Seismic Protection of Buildings Considering Soil–Structure-Interaction Effects (In Press)”; Iranian J. Sci. Tech. Trans. Civil Eng. 2019.##
[7] Kamgar, R.; Rahgozar, P. “Reducing Static Roof Displacement and Axial Forces of Columns in Tall Buildings Based on Obtaining the Best Locations for Multi-Rigid Belt Truss Outrigger Systems ”; Asian J. Civil Eng. 2019, 1-10.##
[8] Kamgar, R.; Rahgozar, R. “Determination of Optimum Location for Flexible Outrigger Systems in Non-Uniform Tall Buildings Using Energy Method”; Int. J. Optim. Civil. Eng. 2015, 5, 433-444.##
[9] Kamgar, R.; Rahgozar, R. “Determination of Optimum Location for Flexible Outrigger Systems in Tall Buildings with Constant Cross Section Consisting of Framed Tube, Shear Core, Belt Truss and Outrigger System Using Energy Method”; Int. J. Steel Struct. 2017, 17, 1-8.##
[10] Kamgar, R.; Shams, G. R. “Effect of Blast Load in Nonlinear Dynamic Response of the Buckling Restrained Braces Core”; Adv. Defence Sci. Technol. 2018, 9, 107-118  (In Persian).##
[11] Kamgar, R.; Shojaee, S.; Rahgozar, R. “Rehabilitation of Tall Buildings by Active Control System Subjected to Critical Seismic Excitation ”; Asian J. Civ. Eng. 2015, 16, 819-833.##
[12] Khatibinia, M.; Gholami, H.; Labbafi, S. “Multi–Objective Optimization of Tuned Mass Dampers Considering Soil–Structure Interaction”; Int. J. Optim. Civil. Eng. 2016, 6, 595-610.##
[13] Al-Kodmany, K. “Sustainability and the 21st Century Vertical City: A Review of Design Approaches of Tall Buildings”; Build. 2018, 8, 1-40.##
[14] M. Ali, M.; Moon, K. “Advances in Structural Systems for Tall Buildings: Emerging Developments for Contemporary Urban Giants”; Build. 2018, 8, 1-34.##
[15] Kazemzadeh Azad, S.; Topkaya, C. “A Review of Research on Steel Eccentrically Braced Frames”; J. Constr. Steel Res. 2017, 128, 53-73.##
[16] Fang, B.; Zhao, X.; Yuan, J.; Wu, X. “Outrigger System Analysis and Design Under Time‐Dependent Actions for Super‐Tall Steel Buildings”; Struct. Des. Tall. Spec. Build. 2018, 27, e1492.##
[17] Liu, C.; Li, Q.; Lu, Z.; Wu, H. “A Review of the Diagrid Structural System for Tall Buildings”; Struct. Des. Tall. Spec. Build. 2018, 27, e1445.##
[18] Changizi, N.; Jalalpour, M. “Topology Optimization of Steel Frame Structures with Constraints on Overall and Individual Member Instabilities”; Finite Elem. Anal. Des. 2018, 141, 119-134.##
[19] Baldock, R.; Shea, K. “Structural Topology Optimization of Braced Steel Frameworks Using Genetic Programming”; Workshop of the European Group for Intelligent Computing in Engineering, Intelligent Computing in Engineering and Architecture. Berlin, Heidelberg. 2006.##
[20] Hasançebi, O.; Çarbaş, S.; Doğan, E.; Erdal, F.; Saka, M. “Comparison of Non-Deterministic Search Techniques in the Optimum Design of Real Size Steel Frames”; Comput. Struct. 2010, 88, 1033-1048.##
[21] Huang, J. Z.; Wang, Z. “Topology Optimization of Bracing Systems for Multistory Steel Frames Under Earthquake Loads”; Adv. Mat. Res. 2011.##
[22] Brunesi, E.; Nascimbene, R.; Casagrande, L. “Seismic Analysis of High-Rise Mega-Braced Frame-Core Buildings”; Eng. Struct. 2016, 115, 1-17.##
[23] Di Sarno, L.; Elnashai, A. S. “Bracing Systems for Seismic Retrofitting of Steel Frames”; J. Constr. Steel Res. 2009, 65, 452-465.##
[24] Clark, P.; Aiken, I.; Kasai, K.; Ko, E.; Kimura, I. “Design Procedures for Buildings Incorporating Hysteretic Damping Devices”; 68th Annual Convention. Santa Barbara, California. 1999.##
[25] Sabelli, R.; Mahin, S.; Chang, C. “Seismic Demands on Steel Braced Frame Buildings with Buckling-Restrained Braces”; Eng. Struct. 2003, 25, 655-666.##
[26] Tremblay, R.; Lacerte, M.; Christopoulos, C. “Seismic Response of Multistory Buildings with Self-Centering Energy Dissipative Steel Braces”; J. Struct. Eng. 2008, 134, 108-120.##
[27] Erochko, J.; Christopoulos, C.; Tremblay, R.; Choi, H. “Residual Drift Response of SMRFs and BRB Frames in Steel Buildings Designed According to ASCE 7-05”; J. Struct. Eng. 2010, 137, 589-599.##
[28] Li, H.; Cai, X.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, B.; Wang, W. “Progressive Collapse of Steel Moment-Resisting Frame Subjected to Loss of Interior Column: Experimental Tests”; Eng. Struct. 2017, 150, 203-220.##
[29] Ding, Y.; Song, X.; Zhu, H. T. “Probabilistic Progressive Collapse Analysis of Steel Frame Structures Against Blast Loads”; Eng. Struct. 2017, 147, 679-691.##
[30] Nourzadeh, D.; Humar, J.; Braimah, A. “Response of Roof Beams in Buildings Subject to Blast Loading: Analytical Treatment”; Eng. Struct. 2017, 138, 50-62.##
[31] Ngo, T.; Mendis, P.; Gupta, A.; Ramsay, J. “Blast Loading and Blast Effects on Structures: An Overview”; Electron. J. Struct. Eng. 2007, 7, 76-91.##
[32] Augustsson, R.; Härenstam, M. “Design of Reinforced Concrete Slab with Regard to Explosions”; MSc Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden, 2010.##
[33] Nourizadeh, A.; Izadifard, R. “Performance of Reinforced Concrete Frame Designed According to Iranian Earthquake Code, Subjected to Blast Loading”; Adv. Defence Sci. Technol. 2019, 7, 169-181 (In Persian).##
[34] Lezgi, M.; Izadifard, R. A.; Lashgari, M. R. “Evaluation of Nonlinear Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames Designed According to Earthquake Codes and Subjected to Blast Loading ”; Adv. Defence Sci. Technol. 2019, 8, 201-212 (In Persian).##
[35] Izadifard, R. A.; Rahbari, R. “Numerical Simulation of the Axial Load Effects on Lateral Deformation of Concrete Filled Double Skin Steel Tubular under Blast Loading”; Adv. Defence Sci. Technol. 2019, 10, 211-219 (In Persian).##
[36] Fayyaz, M.; Ghorban Nejad, A.; Khosravi, F. “Numerical Investigation of Damages on Concrete Canvas Shell Under Near-Field Blast”; Adv. Defence Sci. Technol. 2019, 10, 79-87 (In Persian).##
[37] Hamzeh, M.; Khosravi, F.; Pesaran Behbahani, H. “Investigation of Explosion Effects on the Border Concrete Tunnels”; Adv. Defence Sci. Technol. 2018, 9, 349-358 (In Persian).##
[38] Moarefzadeh, M. R. “Reliability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Subjected to Blast Loads and Their Economic Assessment”; Adv. Defence Sci. Technol. 2018, 9, 379-392 (In Persian).##
[39] Tavakoli, R.; Kamgar, R.; Rahgozar, R. “The Best Location of Belt Truss System in Tall Buildings Using Multiple Criteria Subjected to Blast Loading”; Civil Eng.  J. 2018, 4, 1338-1353.##
[40] Acosta, P. F. “Overview of UFC 3-340-02 Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions”; Structures Congress. Las Vegas, Nevada. 2011.##
[41] Dusenberry, D. O. “Handbook for Blast-Resistant Design of Buildings”; John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2010.##
[42] Brode, H. L. “Numerical Solutions of Spherical Blast Waves”; J. Appl. Phys. 1955, 26, 766-775.##
[43] Singhvi, G. P. “Design of Blast Resistant Structures”; MSc Thesis, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 1963.##
[44] Mills, C. “The Design of Concrete Structure to Resist Explosions and Weapon Effects”; Proc. 1st Int. Conference on Concrete for Hazard Protections. 1987.##
[45] Macquorn Rankine, W. J. “On the Thermodynamic Theory of Waves of Finite Longitudinal Disturbance”; Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. London 1870, 160, 277-288.##
[46] Lam, N.; Mendis, P.; Ngo, T. “Response Spectrum Solutions for Blast Loading”; Electron. J. Struct. Eng. 2004, 4, 28-44.##
[47] FEMA-356 “Standard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings”; Report No. USA, Virginia, 2000.##