انتخاب ترکیب بهینه منابع تولید پراکنده به‌منظور افزایش امنیت انرژی در سایت‌های دفاعی با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه امام حسین(ع)

2 دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر

3 دانشاه صنعتی شریف

چکیده

امنیت انرژی الکتریکی سایت­های دفاعی تحت تأثیر عوامل مختلفی از جمله حوادث طبیعی و حملات دشمن قرار دارد. از این­رو، توجه به اصول پدافند غیرعامل به­منظور طراحی و توسعه شبکه­های الکتریکی در مراکز مهم دفاعی، امری حیاتی است. هدف این مطالعه، افزایش امنیت تأمین انرژی الکتریکی سایت­های دفاعی از دیدگاه پدافند غیرعامل است. با توجه به حضور منابع تولید پراکنده و عدم قطعیت تولید توان آ‌ن­ها، روش‌های متداول بررسی امنیت تامین انرژی به­طور مستقیم قابل اعمال نیستند. در این مقاله یک مدل­سازی جدید برای تعیین ترکیب بهینه منابع انرژی ترکیبی (تعیین نوع، ظرفیت و محل نصب مناسب) در مراکز حساس تدوین شده ­است، به‌طوری­که قیود فنی شبکه در کنار عدم قطعیت منابع انرژی و اولویت قطع بارهای حساس برآورده شوند. کفایت تأمین انرژی مصرف‌کنندگان با حل مجموعه‌ای از مسئله‌های پخش بار بهینه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته ‌است. الگوریتم ارائه­شده به­منظور حل مسئله مبتنی بر الگوریتم رقابت استعماری، کاهش سناریو و پخش بار بهینه، ارائه شده ‌است. مدل ارائه­شده در محیط نرم‌افزارهای MATLAB و GAMS حل شده ‌است و ترکیب بهینه منابع انرژی برای افزایش امنیت انرژی سایت‌های دفاعی و کاهش میزان خاموشی بارهای حساس، در راستای تحقق اصول پدافند غیرعامل (متعددسازی، متنوع‌سازی و پراکنده‌سازی)، به­دست آمده­است. نتایج نهایی نشان‌دهنده کارایی الگوریتم پیشنهادی در طراحی مناسب منابع انرژی ترکیبی و افزایش قابل توجه امنیت تأمین انرژی الکتریکی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimal Mix of Distributed Generation Allocation to Improve the Security of Energy Supply in Defensive Sites Using Principles of Passive Defence

نویسندگان [English]

  • reza ghaffarpour 1
  • alireza jam 2
  • alimohammad ranjbar 3
1
2
3
چکیده [English]

Security of electrical energy supply in defencive sites is affected by different parameters like natural disasters and enemy attacks. So, attention to principles of passive defence for design and enhancement of electrical networks in defencive sites is critical. The objective of this study is to increase security of energy supply in defencive sites from the standpoint of passive defence. Due to the presence of DG units and the uncertainty of their power, common methods of security evaluation of energy supply are not applicable directly. For this propose, a new framework for optimal allocation of hybrid energy resources in these sites is presented so that networks technical constraints is satisfied beside energy resources uncertainty and sensitive loads priorities. Supply adequacy of consumers is evaluated by solving a set of optimal power flow equations. Finally, a comprehensive algorithm based on imperialist competitive algorithm, scenario reduction, and optimal power flow is proposed. The optimization problem is formulated as combination of a mixed integer nonlinear programming main problem and a set of nonlinear programming sub problems, taking into consideration the system constraints during all computational steps. The proposed model is presented in MATLAB and GAMS environments and optimal mix of energy resources is obtained to increase energy security of defensive sites and to reduce outage of critical loads, towards principles of passive defense (proliferation, diversification, and dispersation). Final results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in optimal design of hybrid energy resources and remarkable improvement of energy supply security.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Passive Defense
  • Energy Security
  • Optimal Power Flow
  • Renewable Energy
  • Imperialist Competitive Algorithm

مراجع

[1]     Kia, M.; Aalami, H. A. “A New Approach for Optimal Location of Power Dispatching Centers Based on Passive Defence Criteria Using EAHP”; Advanced Defence Sci. & Tech. 2014, 5(1), 19-29. (In Persian).##
[2]     Aalami, H.; Ramezani, H. “Presentation of a New Algorithm for the Operation of DG Resources in Electrical Interconnection Grids over the Critical Conditions”; Passive Defence Sci. & Tech., 2012, 3(3), 231-241. (In Persian).##
[3]     Shaaban, M. F.; Atwa, Y. M.; El-Saadany, E. F. “A Multi-Objective Approach for Optimal DG Allocation”; 2nd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems (EPECS), 2011, 1-7.##
[4]     Pepermans, G.; Driesen, J.; Haeseldonckx, D.; Belmans, R.; D’haeseleer, W. “Distributed Generation: Definition, Benefits and Issues”; Energy policy. 2005, 33, 787-798.##
[5]     Karimyan, P.; Gharehpetian, G.; Abedi, M.; Gavili, A. “Long Term Scheduling for Optimal Allocation and Sizing of DG Unit Considering Load Variations and DG Type”; International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2014, 54, 277-287.##
[6]     Gopiya Naik, S.; Khatod, D.; Sharma, M. “Optimal Allocation of Combined DG and Capacitor for Real Power Loss Minimization in Distribution Networks”; International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2013, 53, 967-973.##
[7]     Ugranlı, F.; Karatepe, E. “Multiple-Distributed Generation Planning Under Load Uncertainty and Different Penetration Levels”; International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2013, 46, 132-144.##
[8]     Khatod, D. K.; Pant, V.; Sharma, J. “Evolutionary Programming Based Optimal Placement of Renewable Distributed Generators”; IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2013, 28, 683-695.##
[9]     Atwa, Y. M.; El-Saadany, E. F. “Probabilistic Approach for Optimal Allocation of Wind-Based Distributed Generation in Distribution Systems”; IET Renewable Power Generation. 2011, 5, 79-88.##
[10]  Atwa, Y.; El-Saadany, E.; Guise, A.-C. “Supply Adequacy Assessment of Distribution System Including Wind-Based DG During Different Modes of Operation”; IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2010, 25, 78-86.##
[11]  Abdi, S.; Afshar, K. “Application of IPSO-Monte Carlo for Optimal Distributed Generation Allocation and Sizing”; International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2013, 44, 786-797.##
[12]  Shaaban, M. F.; Atwa, Y. M.; El-Saadany, E. “DG Allocation for Benefit Maximization in Distribution Networks”; IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2013, 28, 639-649.##
[13]  Leite, A. P.; Borges, C. L.; Falcao, D. M. “Probabilistic Wind Farms Generation Model for Reliability Studies Applied to Brazilian Sites”; IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2006, 21, 1493-1501.##
[14]  Karki, R.; Hu, P.; Billinton, R. “A simplified wind power generation model for reliability evaluation”; IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2006, 21, 533-540.##
[15]  Haghifam, M.-R.; Omidvar, M. “Wind Farm Modeling in Reliability Assessment of Power System”; International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, 2006.##
[16]  Atwa, Y. M., “Distribution System Planning and Reliability Assessment under High DG Penetration”; University of Waterloo, 2010.##
[17]  Banerjee, B.; Islam, S. M. “Reliability based optimum location of distributed generation”; International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2011, 33, 1470-1478.##
[18]  Arya, R.; Choube, S.; Arya, L. “Reliability Evaluation and Enhancement of Distribution Systems in the Presence of Distributed Generation Based on Standby Mode”; International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2012, 43, 607-616.##
[19]  Liu, X.; Islam, S. “Reliability evaluation of a wind-diesel hybrid power system with battery bank using discrete wind speed frame analysis," International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems 2006.##
[20]  Attwa, Y.; El-Saadany, E. “Reliability Based Analysis for Optimum Allocation of DG”; Electrical Power Conference, 2007. EPC 2007. IEEE Canada, 2007.##
[21]  Bae, I.-S.; Kim, J.-O.; Kim, J.-C.; Singh, C. “Optimal Operating Strategy for Distributed Generation Considering Hourly Reliability worth”; Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on. 2004, 19, 287-292.##
[22]  Interior, U. S. D. o. t. (2012, 2012). U.S. Department of the Interior. Available: http://www.usbr.gov/pn/agrimet/wxdata.html##
[23]  Conejo, A. J.; Carriâon, M.; Morales, J. M. “Decision making under uncertainty in electricity markets”; Springer, 2010, 153.##
[24]  Billinton, R.; Chowdhury, A. “Incorporation of Wind Energy Conversion Systems in Conventional Generating Capacity Adequacy Assessment”; IEE Proceedings Conference (Generation, Transmission and Distribution), 1992, 47-56.##
[25]  Kaigui, X.; Billinton, R. “Determination of the Optimum Capacity and Type of Wind Turbine Generators in a Power System Considering Reliability and Cost”; IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2011, 26, 227-234.##
[26]  Koutroulis, E.; Kolokotsa, D.; Potirakis, A.; Kalaitzakis, K. “Methodology for Optimal Sizing of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic/Wind-Generator Systems using Genetic Algorithms”; Solar Energy. 2006, 80, 1072-1088.##
[27]  Atwa, Y.; El-Saadany, E.; Salama, M.; Seethapathy, R. “Distribution System Loss Minimization using Optimal DG Mix”; IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, PES'09. , 2009.##
[28]  Endrenyi, J. “Reliability modeling in electric power systems”; IET, 1979.##
[29]  Jam, A.; Ardehali, M. M.; Hoseinian, S. H. “A Comprehensive Algorithm for Optimal Wind Farm Design in Distribution Network for Reliability Improvement and Loss Reduction”; 29th International Power System Conference. 2013, (In Persian).##
[30]  Atashpaz-Gargari, E.; Lucas, C. “Imperialist Competitive Algorithm: an Algorithm for Optimization Inspired by Imperialistic Competition”; IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2007.##
[31]  Rosenthal, R. E., “GAMS--a user's guide”; 2013.##
[32]  Zhang, J.; Cheng, H.; Wang, C. “Technical and Economic Impacts of Active Management on Distribution Network”; International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2009, 31, 130-138.##
[33]  Venkatesh, B.; Ranjan, R.; Gooi, H. “Optimal Reconfiguration of Radial Distribution Systems to Maximize Loadability”; Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on. 2004, 19, 260-266.##
[34]  Raoofat, M. “Simultaneous Allocation of DGs and Remote Controllable Switches in Distribution Networks Considering Multilevel Load Model”; International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2011, 33, 1429-1436.##
[35]  Golshan, M. H.; Arefifar, S. “Distributed Generation, Reactive Sources and Network-Configuration Planning for Power and Energy-Loss Reduction”; IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution. 2006, 153, 127-136.##
[36]  Chen, M.-Y.; Cheng, S., “Multi-Objective Optimization of the Allocation of DG Units Considering Technical, Economical and Environmental Attributes”; Przegląd Elektrotechniczny. 2012, 88, 233-237.##
[37]  Healy, M. “Defence Estate Energy Strategy (2014-2019)”; Defending Australia and its National Interests. 2013.##
علوم و فناوریهای پدافند نوین
دوره 7، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 23
23
فروردین 1395
صفحه 19-32

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 بهمن 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 دی 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 بهمن 1397
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 فروردین 1395

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار