Investigation of Optical Properties of Nd3+ Ions Added in Inorganic and Organic Solvents Using Judd-Ofelt Theory

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Authors

1 Faculty of science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran Imam Hossein University

2 Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran

3 Photonic group. laser & optic center, science Department faculty, Imam Hossein Unieversity, Tehran , Iran

4 Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Thermal effects in high-power solid-state lasers limit their power output. Liquid laser media added to rare earth ions, due to effective thermal management, have attracted the attention of researchers in this field as an alternative solution.. This research investigates the optical properties of Nd³⁺ ions added in inorganic solvent POCl₃:SnCl₄ and Nd(TFA)₃ compound added in organic solvent DMSO-d₆ using Judd-Ofelt theory. Using this theory, it is possible to determine spectroscopic parameters including branching ratios, radiative lifetimes and stimulated emission cross-sections, which are essential for laser applications. The branching ratio for the transition of 4I11/2 → 4F3/2 in both solutions is greater than 0.5, which indicates the high potential of this transition for laser production. The total radiative lifetim for Nd3+:POCl3:SnCl4 and Nd(TFA)3:DMSO-d6 solutions were calculated to be 356.36μs and 562.21μs, respectively. The induction stimulated emission cross-sectional for the transition of 4I11/2 → 4F3/2 in the Nd3+:POCl3:SnCl4 solution is larger, resulting in a higher laser output intensity. Also, the threshold pumping power and saturation intensity for four-level lasers are inversely proportional to the product of the stimulated emission cross-section by the radiative lifetim. Nd3+:POCl3:SnCl4 solution has lower threshold pumping power and saturation intensity compared to Nd(TFA)3:DMSO-d6 solution, so laser production from this solution is easier. The results obtained indicate a more suitable laser performance of the Nd³⁺:POCl₃:SnCl₄ solution compared to the Nd(TFA)₃:DMSO-d₆ solution, which is more considered due to the significant reduction of the toxicity and corrosivity effects of the Nd(TFA)₃:DMSO-d₆ solution.

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History

  • Receive Date: 07 August 2024
  • Revise Date: 13 October 2024
  • Accept Date: 05 December 2024
  • Publish Date: 21 December 2024

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