The detection of buildings using SAR radar images is of great interest due to its widespread use. But the complexity of SAR images poses many challenges to object recognition. One of the factors affecting the brightness of SAR images is the geometry of the vision, which causes the deformation of the building and in some cases even the omission of the buildings in radar images. The geometry of view includes incident angle, look angle, squint angle and direction of imaging, which is less discussed in research sources. In this paper, we intend to extract the buildings that are affected by changing the geometric parameter and analyze and prove the reason for its change. In other words, by detecting images with different incident angles, the orientation of the buildings affected by this change is identified. For this purpose, the time series images of Sentinel 1 satellite related to Baghistan region of Tehran are used. Using the CMV2 change detection method, the results show that changing the angle of impact by 10 degrees, leads to the removal of the workshop or factory sheds lying in the direction of 20 degrees to the horizon from the radar image.
Schowengerdt, R. A. “Remote Sensing: Models and Methods for Image Processing”; Elsevier, New York. 2007.##
Bayer, T.; Winter, R.; Schreier, G. “Terrain influences in SAR Backscatter and Attempts to Their Correction”; IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 1991, 19, 451-462.##
Amjadipour, F.; Dehghani, H.; Fallahpour, B. “Change Detection in SAR Images by Considering the Effect of Visibility Geometry”; M.Sc. thesis of Malek Ashtar University of Technology, 2019 (In Persian).##
Singh, A. “Digital Change Detection Techniques Using Remotely-Sensed Data”; Int. J. remote sensing 1989, 10, 989-1003.##
Celik, T. “Unsupervised Change Detection in Satellite Images Using Principal Component Analysis And-Means Clustering”; IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Letters 2009, 6, 772-776.##
Mishra, N. S.; Ghosh, S.; Ghosh, A. “Fuzzy Clustering Algorithms Incorporating Local Information for Change Detection in Remotely Sensed Images”; Applied Soft Computing 2012, 12, 2683-2692.##
Moghimi, A.; Ebadi, H.; Sadeghi, V. “Unsupervised Change Detection from Multitemporal SAR Images Using Clustering Based on Genetic Algorithm and Hidden Markov Random Field Model”; 1st National Conf. Geospatial Information Technology 2016, 19.##
Ghosh, S.; Patra, S.; Ghosh, A. “An Unsupervised Context-Sensitive Change Detection Technique based on Modified Selforganizing Feature Map Neural Network”; Int. J. Approximate Reasoning 2009, 50, 37-50.##
Volpi, M.; Camps-Valls, G.; Kanevski, M. “Unsupervised Change Detection with Kernels”; IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Letters 2012, 9, 1026-1030.##
Moghimi, A.; Ebadi, H.; Sadeghi, V. "Unsupervised Change Detection from Multitemporal SAR Images Using Clustering Based on Genetic Algorithm and Hidden Markov Random Field Model”; 1st National Conf. Geospatial Inform. Technol. 2016, 19.##
Ghanbari, M.; Akbari, V.; Abkar, A. A.; Sahebi, M. R. “Minimum-Error Thresholding for Unsupervised Change Detection in Multilook Polarimetric SAR Images”; J. Geomatics Sci. Technol. 2015, 5, 17-29.##
Bazi, Y.; Melgani, F.; Al-Sharari, H. D. “Unsupervised Change Detection in Multispectral Remotely Sensed Imagery with Level Set Methods”; IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 2010, 48, 8, 3178-3187.##
Celik, T.; Ma, K. K. “Multitemporal Image Change Detection Using Undecimated Discrete Wavelet Transform and Active Contours”; IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 2011, 49, 706-716.##
Cumming, I. G.; Wong, F. H. "Digital Processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar Data”; Artech House, London. 2005.##
Melvin, W. L.; Scheer, J. A. “Principles of Modern Radar”; SciTech, 2013.##
Ferretti, A. “Satellite InSAR Data, Reservoir Monitoring from Space”; DB Houten, the Netherlands: EAGE Publications, Education Tour Series, 2014.##
Zhang, W.; Baoxin, H.; Glen, S. B. “Automatic Surface Water Mapping Using Polarimetric SAR Data for Long-Term Change Detection”;Water 2020, 12, 872.##
Srivastava, H. S.; Patel, P.; Sharma, Y.; Navalgund, R. “Large-Area Soil Moisture Estimation Using Multi-Incidence-Angle RADARSAT-1 SAR Data”;IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 2009, 47, 2528-2535.##
O’Hara, R.; Green, S.; McCarthy, T. “The Agricultural Impact of the 2015–2016 Floods in Ireland as Mapped Through Sentinel 1 Satellite Imagery”;Irish J. of Agricultural and Food Research 2019, 58, 1, 44-65.##
Tripathi, G. “Flood Inundation Mapping and Impact Assessment Using Multi-Temporal Optical and SAR Satellite Data: a Case Study of 2017 Flood in Darbhanga District, Bihar, India”;Water Resources Management 2020, 1-22.##
Uddin, K.; Mir, A. M.; Franz, J. M. “Operational Flood Mapping Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 SAR Images: A Case Study from Bangladesh”;Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 1581.##
Cao, H.; Zang, H.; Wang, C.; Zhang, B. “Operational Flood Detection Using Sentinel-One SAR Data over Large Areas”;Water 2019, 11, 786.##
Manjusree, P.; Kumar, L.; Bhatt, C.; Rao, G.; Bhanumurthy, V. “Optimization of Threshold Ranges for Rapid Flood Inundation Mapping by Evaluating Backscatter Profiles of High Incidence Angle SAR Images”; J. Disaster Risk Sci. 2012, 3, 113-122.##
Sentinel Online, Nverview of Nissions, https://sentinel. esa.int/web/sentinel/missions/sentinel-1/overview, last modified, 2020.##
Fallahpour, M. B.; Dehghani, H.; Rashidi, A. J.; Sheikhi, A. “Extraction of Point Target Model of Distributed Targets Using SAR Images”; Adv. Defence Sci. & Tech, 2017, 10, 265-274 (In Persian).##
amjadipour, F., & dehghani, H. (2021). The Impact of Building Orientation and Visibility Geometry in SAR Images. Journal of Advanced Defense Science & Technology, 12(3), 319-334.
MLA
fateme amjadipour; hamid dehghani. "The Impact of Building Orientation and Visibility Geometry in SAR Images". Journal of Advanced Defense Science & Technology, 12, 3, 2021, 319-334.
HARVARD
amjadipour, F., dehghani, H. (2021). 'The Impact of Building Orientation and Visibility Geometry in SAR Images', Journal of Advanced Defense Science & Technology, 12(3), pp. 319-334.
VANCOUVER
amjadipour, F., dehghani, H. The Impact of Building Orientation and Visibility Geometry in SAR Images. Journal of Advanced Defense Science & Technology, 2021; 12(3): 319-334.
)
