Optimum Layout of Mega Buckling-Restrained Braces to Optimize the Behavior of Tall Buildings Subjected to Blast Load

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Civil Engineering Department, Shahrekord University

Abstract

The use of buckling-restrained braces began in Japan at 1980s and was then followed by other countries all over the world. Many behavioral problems associated with the conventional steel braces might be neglected when this type of bracing system is used, due to the difference between their tension and compression strength capacity. In this paper, the effect of mega buckling-restrained braces on the response of tall structures subjected to the blast load is investigated. For this purpose, a 30-story structure is retrofitted by mega buckling-restrained braces in twelve different modes. Then, the best positioning of this control system is introduced based on the maximum response of the structure. In this regard, the structure is subjected to four states of blast loads produced by 1000 and 1200 kilograms of TNT at a distance of 5 and 10 meters from the structure. The results showed that by decreasing the amount of blast material and also increasing the distance of TNF from the structure, the damaging effects and also the maximum response of the structure reduced; and therefore, the structure went to the safe level (IO). The results also indicated that the A1 state is the best positioning for the controlled system, in which the maximum displacement of the roof, the maximum rotation of the structure is less than these values for the original structure (the structure with the conventional braces system). Also, the A1 state can be chosen as the best candidate for placement of the controlled system since it reduces the weight of the bracing system more than 16% rather than this value for the original structure.

Keywords

References

[1] Bilondi, M. R. S.; Yazdani, H.; Khatibinia, M. “Seismic Energy Dissipation-Based Optimum Design of Tuned Mass Dampers”; Struct. Multidiscip. 2018, 58, 2517-2531.##
[2] Gholizadeh, S.; Ebadijalal, M. “Performance Based Discrete Topology Optimization of Steel Braced Frames by a New Metaheuristic”; Adv. Eng. Softw. 2018, 123, 77-92.##
[3] Gholizadeh, S.; Poorhoseini, H. “Seismic Layout Optimization of Steel Braced Frames by an Improved Dolphin Echolocation Algorithm”; Struct. Multidiscip. O. 2016, 54, 1011-1029.##
[4] Gholizadeh, S.; Poorhoseini, H. “Performance-Based Optimum Seismic Design of Steel Dual Braced Frames by Bat Algorithm”; Met. Opt. Civil Eng. 2016.##
[5] Habibi, A.; Bidmeshki, S. “An Optimized Approach for Tracing Pre- and Post-Buckling Equilibrium Paths of Space Trusses”; Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dy. 2019, 19, 1950040.##
[6] Kamgar, R.; Gholami, F.; Zarif Sanayei, H. R.; Heidarzadeh, H. “Modified Tuned Liquid Dampers for Seismic Protection of Buildings Considering Soil–Structure-Interaction Effects (In Press)”; Iranian J. Sci. Tech. Trans. Civil Eng. 2019.##
[7] Kamgar, R.; Rahgozar, P. “Reducing Static Roof Displacement and Axial Forces of Columns in Tall Buildings Based on Obtaining the Best Locations for Multi-Rigid Belt Truss Outrigger Systems ”; Asian J. Civil Eng. 2019, 1-10.##
[8] Kamgar, R.; Rahgozar, R. “Determination of Optimum Location for Flexible Outrigger Systems in Non-Uniform Tall Buildings Using Energy Method”; Int. J. Optim. Civil. Eng. 2015, 5, 433-444.##
[9] Kamgar, R.; Rahgozar, R. “Determination of Optimum Location for Flexible Outrigger Systems in Tall Buildings with Constant Cross Section Consisting of Framed Tube, Shear Core, Belt Truss and Outrigger System Using Energy Method”; Int. J. Steel Struct. 2017, 17, 1-8.##
[10] Kamgar, R.; Shams, G. R. “Effect of Blast Load in Nonlinear Dynamic Response of the Buckling Restrained Braces Core”; Adv. Defence Sci. Technol. 2018, 9, 107-118  (In Persian).##
[11] Kamgar, R.; Shojaee, S.; Rahgozar, R. “Rehabilitation of Tall Buildings by Active Control System Subjected to Critical Seismic Excitation ”; Asian J. Civ. Eng. 2015, 16, 819-833.##
[12] Khatibinia, M.; Gholami, H.; Labbafi, S. “Multi–Objective Optimization of Tuned Mass Dampers Considering Soil–Structure Interaction”; Int. J. Optim. Civil. Eng. 2016, 6, 595-610.##
[13] Al-Kodmany, K. “Sustainability and the 21st Century Vertical City: A Review of Design Approaches of Tall Buildings”; Build. 2018, 8, 1-40.##
[14] M. Ali, M.; Moon, K. “Advances in Structural Systems for Tall Buildings: Emerging Developments for Contemporary Urban Giants”; Build. 2018, 8, 1-34.##
[15] Kazemzadeh Azad, S.; Topkaya, C. “A Review of Research on Steel Eccentrically Braced Frames”; J. Constr. Steel Res. 2017, 128, 53-73.##
[16] Fang, B.; Zhao, X.; Yuan, J.; Wu, X. “Outrigger System Analysis and Design Under Time‐Dependent Actions for Super‐Tall Steel Buildings”; Struct. Des. Tall. Spec. Build. 2018, 27, e1492.##
[17] Liu, C.; Li, Q.; Lu, Z.; Wu, H. “A Review of the Diagrid Structural System for Tall Buildings”; Struct. Des. Tall. Spec. Build. 2018, 27, e1445.##
[18] Changizi, N.; Jalalpour, M. “Topology Optimization of Steel Frame Structures with Constraints on Overall and Individual Member Instabilities”; Finite Elem. Anal. Des. 2018, 141, 119-134.##
[19] Baldock, R.; Shea, K. “Structural Topology Optimization of Braced Steel Frameworks Using Genetic Programming”; Workshop of the European Group for Intelligent Computing in Engineering, Intelligent Computing in Engineering and Architecture. Berlin, Heidelberg. 2006.##
[20] Hasançebi, O.; Çarbaş, S.; Doğan, E.; Erdal, F.; Saka, M. “Comparison of Non-Deterministic Search Techniques in the Optimum Design of Real Size Steel Frames”; Comput. Struct. 2010, 88, 1033-1048.##
[21] Huang, J. Z.; Wang, Z. “Topology Optimization of Bracing Systems for Multistory Steel Frames Under Earthquake Loads”; Adv. Mat. Res. 2011.##
[22] Brunesi, E.; Nascimbene, R.; Casagrande, L. “Seismic Analysis of High-Rise Mega-Braced Frame-Core Buildings”; Eng. Struct. 2016, 115, 1-17.##
[23] Di Sarno, L.; Elnashai, A. S. “Bracing Systems for Seismic Retrofitting of Steel Frames”; J. Constr. Steel Res. 2009, 65, 452-465.##
[24] Clark, P.; Aiken, I.; Kasai, K.; Ko, E.; Kimura, I. “Design Procedures for Buildings Incorporating Hysteretic Damping Devices”; 68th Annual Convention. Santa Barbara, California. 1999.##
[25] Sabelli, R.; Mahin, S.; Chang, C. “Seismic Demands on Steel Braced Frame Buildings with Buckling-Restrained Braces”; Eng. Struct. 2003, 25, 655-666.##
[26] Tremblay, R.; Lacerte, M.; Christopoulos, C. “Seismic Response of Multistory Buildings with Self-Centering Energy Dissipative Steel Braces”; J. Struct. Eng. 2008, 134, 108-120.##
[27] Erochko, J.; Christopoulos, C.; Tremblay, R.; Choi, H. “Residual Drift Response of SMRFs and BRB Frames in Steel Buildings Designed According to ASCE 7-05”; J. Struct. Eng. 2010, 137, 589-599.##
[28] Li, H.; Cai, X.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, B.; Wang, W. “Progressive Collapse of Steel Moment-Resisting Frame Subjected to Loss of Interior Column: Experimental Tests”; Eng. Struct. 2017, 150, 203-220.##
[29] Ding, Y.; Song, X.; Zhu, H. T. “Probabilistic Progressive Collapse Analysis of Steel Frame Structures Against Blast Loads”; Eng. Struct. 2017, 147, 679-691.##
[30] Nourzadeh, D.; Humar, J.; Braimah, A. “Response of Roof Beams in Buildings Subject to Blast Loading: Analytical Treatment”; Eng. Struct. 2017, 138, 50-62.##
[31] Ngo, T.; Mendis, P.; Gupta, A.; Ramsay, J. “Blast Loading and Blast Effects on Structures: An Overview”; Electron. J. Struct. Eng. 2007, 7, 76-91.##
[32] Augustsson, R.; Härenstam, M. “Design of Reinforced Concrete Slab with Regard to Explosions”; MSc Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden, 2010.##
[33] Nourizadeh, A.; Izadifard, R. “Performance of Reinforced Concrete Frame Designed According to Iranian Earthquake Code, Subjected to Blast Loading”; Adv. Defence Sci. Technol. 2019, 7, 169-181 (In Persian).##
[34] Lezgi, M.; Izadifard, R. A.; Lashgari, M. R. “Evaluation of Nonlinear Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames Designed According to Earthquake Codes and Subjected to Blast Loading ”; Adv. Defence Sci. Technol. 2019, 8, 201-212 (In Persian).##
[35] Izadifard, R. A.; Rahbari, R. “Numerical Simulation of the Axial Load Effects on Lateral Deformation of Concrete Filled Double Skin Steel Tubular under Blast Loading”; Adv. Defence Sci. Technol. 2019, 10, 211-219 (In Persian).##
[36] Fayyaz, M.; Ghorban Nejad, A.; Khosravi, F. “Numerical Investigation of Damages on Concrete Canvas Shell Under Near-Field Blast”; Adv. Defence Sci. Technol. 2019, 10, 79-87 (In Persian).##
[37] Hamzeh, M.; Khosravi, F.; Pesaran Behbahani, H. “Investigation of Explosion Effects on the Border Concrete Tunnels”; Adv. Defence Sci. Technol. 2018, 9, 349-358 (In Persian).##
[38] Moarefzadeh, M. R. “Reliability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Subjected to Blast Loads and Their Economic Assessment”; Adv. Defence Sci. Technol. 2018, 9, 379-392 (In Persian).##
[39] Tavakoli, R.; Kamgar, R.; Rahgozar, R. “The Best Location of Belt Truss System in Tall Buildings Using Multiple Criteria Subjected to Blast Loading”; Civil Eng.  J. 2018, 4, 1338-1353.##
[40] Acosta, P. F. “Overview of UFC 3-340-02 Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions”; Structures Congress. Las Vegas, Nevada. 2011.##
[41] Dusenberry, D. O. “Handbook for Blast-Resistant Design of Buildings”; John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2010.##
[42] Brode, H. L. “Numerical Solutions of Spherical Blast Waves”; J. Appl. Phys. 1955, 26, 766-775.##
[43] Singhvi, G. P. “Design of Blast Resistant Structures”; MSc Thesis, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 1963.##
[44] Mills, C. “The Design of Concrete Structure to Resist Explosions and Weapon Effects”; Proc. 1st Int. Conference on Concrete for Hazard Protections. 1987.##
[45] Macquorn Rankine, W. J. “On the Thermodynamic Theory of Waves of Finite Longitudinal Disturbance”; Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. London 1870, 160, 277-288.##
[46] Lam, N.; Mendis, P.; Ngo, T. “Response Spectrum Solutions for Blast Loading”; Electron. J. Struct. Eng. 2004, 4, 28-44.##
[47] FEMA-356 “Standard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings”; Report No. USA, Virginia, 2000.##

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 01 June 2019
  • Revise Date: 19 September 2019
  • Accept Date: 14 June 2020
  • Publish Date: 21 June 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics